in this 2nd artice we look at the application for drying and dehydration in several industries like pharmaceuticals,fuel cells and cement and building materials.

Other applications are in food,  personal care, catalysts and MOF's.

Pharmaceuticals 
The ultimate hydration state of a material may influence several physicochemical properties including physical and chemical stability. The hydration state of crystalline substances is of particular concern in the pharmaceutical industry. For instance, some hydrated materials become amorphous upon dehydration. Also, different hydrate forms can affect the material solubility, dissolution rate, flowability, and compressibility. These factors affect the entire chain of the drug development process from preformulation to solid form development to packaging and storage.

Application Note 36: Investigation of Hydrate Formation and Loss Using DVS | This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Application Note 59: Investigation of Channel Hydrate Formation and Loss Using the DVS | This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 Fuel Cells
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are an expanding area of research for use as low pollution power generators for mobile and stationary applications. The PEMFC is composed of a membrane electrode assembly consisting of several layers. There are typically two carbon cloth gas-diffusion layers that allow concurrent transport of gases and water while collecting current and two carbon-supported Pt based catalyst layers where the electrochemical reactions take places. These layers are sandwiched between a proton exchange membrane that permits proton transfer from anode to cathode.

Application Note 39: Measuring Moisture Sorption and Diffusion Kinetics on Proton Exchange Membranes Using the DVS | This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Cement and Building Materials
An important factor in the long-term storage stability of cements is the rate at which moisture is taken up by the cements under specific storage conditions. Traditionally this is done by storing large containers of cement under controlled conditions and periodically weighing over many months or even years. Here we measure the moisture sorption kinetics of two different cements using Dynamic Vapour Sorption (DVS) methodology as a well as a range of building materials.

Application Note 09: Measuring the Moisture Sorption of Kinetics of Cements using DVS | This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 Application Note 104: Vapor Sorption Properties of Building Materials using Gravimetric Sorption Instrumentation – an Overview